Topic 9.2: Transport in angiospermophytes

9.2.1 Outline how the root systems provides a large surface area for mineral ion and water uptake by means of branching and root hairs

9.2.2 List ways in which mineral ions in the soil move to the roots

9.2.3 Explain the process of mineral ion absorption from the soil into roots by active transport

9.2.4 State that terrestrial plants support themselves by means of thickened cellulose, cell turgor and lignified xylem

9.2.5 Define transpiration

9.2.6 Explain how water is carried by the transpiration stream, including the structure of xylem vessels, transpiration pull, cohesion, adhesion and evaporation

9.2.7 State that guard cells can regulate transpiration by opening and closing stomata

9.2.8 State that the plant hormone abscisic acid causes the closing of stomata

9.2.9 Explain how abiotic factors light, temperature, wind and humidity affect the rate of transpiration in a typical terrestrial plant

9.2.10 Outline four adaptations of xerophytes that help to reduce transpiration

9.2.11 Outline the role of phloem in active translocation of sugars (sucrose) and amino acids from source (photosynthetic tissue and storage organs) to sink (fruits, seeds and roots)