11.4.1 Annotate a light micrograph of testis tissue to show the location and function of interstitial cells (Leydig cells), germinal epithelium cells, developing spermatozoa and Sertoli cells
11.4.2 Outline the processes involved in spermatogenesis within the testis, including mitosis, cell growth, the two divisions of meiosis and cell differentiation
11.4.3 State the role of LH, testosterone and FSH in spermatogenesis
11.4.4 Annotate a diagram of the ovary to show the location and function of germinal epithelium, primary follicles, mature follicle and secondary oocyte
11.4.5 Outline the processes involved in oogenesis within the ovary, including mitosis, cell growth, the two divisions of meiosis, the unequal division of cytoplasm and the degeneration of polar body
11.4.6 Draw and label a diagram of a mature sperm and egg
11.4.7 Outline the role of the epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate gland in the production of semen
11.4.8 Compare the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis, including the number of gametes and the timing of the formation and release of gametes
11.4.9 Describe the process of fertilization, including the acrosome reaction, penetration of the egg membrane by a sperm and the cortical reaction
11.4.10 Outline the role of HCG in early pregnancy
11.4.11 Outline the early embryo development up to the implantation of the blastocyst
11.4.12 Explain how the structure and functions of the placenta, including its hormonal role in the secretion of estrogen and progesterone, maintain pregnancy
11.4.13 State that the fetus is supported and protected by the amniotic sac and amniotic fluid
11.4.14 State that materials are exchanged between the maternal and fetal blood in the placenta
11.4.15 Outline the process of birth and its hormonal control, including the changes in progesterone and oxytocin levels and positive feedback
2014年6月9日 星期一
Topic 11.3: The kidney
11.3.1 Define excretion
11.3.2 Draw and label a diagram of the kidney
11.3.3 Annotate a diagram of a glomerulus and associated nephron to show the function of each part
11.3.4 Explain the process of ultrafiltration, including blood pressure, fenestrated blood capillaries and basement membrane
11.3.5 Define osmoregulation
11.3.6 Explain the reabsorption of glucose, water and salts in the proximal convulated tubule, including the roles of microvilli, osmosis and active transport
11.3.7 Explain the roles of the loop of Henle, medulla, collecting duct and ADH (vasopressin) in maintaining the water balance of the blood
11.3.8 Explain the differences in the concentration of proteins, glucose and urea between blood plasma, glomerular filtrate and urine
11.3.9 Explain the presence of glucose in the urine of untreated diabetic patients
11.3.2 Draw and label a diagram of the kidney
11.3.3 Annotate a diagram of a glomerulus and associated nephron to show the function of each part
11.3.4 Explain the process of ultrafiltration, including blood pressure, fenestrated blood capillaries and basement membrane
11.3.5 Define osmoregulation
11.3.6 Explain the reabsorption of glucose, water and salts in the proximal convulated tubule, including the roles of microvilli, osmosis and active transport
11.3.7 Explain the roles of the loop of Henle, medulla, collecting duct and ADH (vasopressin) in maintaining the water balance of the blood
11.3.8 Explain the differences in the concentration of proteins, glucose and urea between blood plasma, glomerular filtrate and urine
11.3.9 Explain the presence of glucose in the urine of untreated diabetic patients
Topic 11.2: Muscles and movement
11.2.1 State the roles of bones, ligaments, muscles, tendons and nerves in human movement
11.2.2 Label a diagram of the human elbow join, including cartilages, synovial fluid, joint capsule, named bones and antagonistic muscles (biceps and triceps)
11.2.3 Outline the functions of the structures in the human elbow joint named in 11.2.2
11.2.4 Compare the movements in the hip joint and the knee joint
11.2.5 Describe the structure of striated muscle fibres, including the myofibrils with light and dark bands, mitochondria, the sarcoplasmic reticulum, nuclei and the sacrolemma
11.2.6 Draw and label a diagram to show the structure of a sacromere, including Z lines, actin filaments, myosin filaments with heads, and the resultant light and dark bands
11.2.7 Explain how skeletal muscles contracts, including the release of calcium ions from the sacroplasmic reticulum, the formation of cross-bridges, the sliding of actin and myosin filaments, and the use of ATP to break cross-bridges and re-set myosin heads
11.2.8 Analyse electron micrographs to find the state of contraction of muscles fibres
11.2.2 Label a diagram of the human elbow join, including cartilages, synovial fluid, joint capsule, named bones and antagonistic muscles (biceps and triceps)
11.2.3 Outline the functions of the structures in the human elbow joint named in 11.2.2
11.2.4 Compare the movements in the hip joint and the knee joint
11.2.5 Describe the structure of striated muscle fibres, including the myofibrils with light and dark bands, mitochondria, the sarcoplasmic reticulum, nuclei and the sacrolemma
11.2.6 Draw and label a diagram to show the structure of a sacromere, including Z lines, actin filaments, myosin filaments with heads, and the resultant light and dark bands
11.2.7 Explain how skeletal muscles contracts, including the release of calcium ions from the sacroplasmic reticulum, the formation of cross-bridges, the sliding of actin and myosin filaments, and the use of ATP to break cross-bridges and re-set myosin heads
11.2.8 Analyse electron micrographs to find the state of contraction of muscles fibres
Topic 11.1: Defense against infectious disease
11.1.1 Describe the process of blood clotting
11.1.2 Outline the principle of challenge and response, clonal selection and memory cells as the basis of immunity
11.1.3 Define active and passive immunity
11.1.4 Explain antibody production
11.1.5 Describe the production of monoclonal antibodies and their use in diagnosis and in treatment
11.1.6 Explain the principle of vaccination
11.1.7 Discuss the benefits and dangers of vaccination
11.1.2 Outline the principle of challenge and response, clonal selection and memory cells as the basis of immunity
11.1.3 Define active and passive immunity
11.1.4 Explain antibody production
11.1.5 Describe the production of monoclonal antibodies and their use in diagnosis and in treatment
11.1.6 Explain the principle of vaccination
11.1.7 Discuss the benefits and dangers of vaccination
Topic 11: Human health and physiology
Topic 11 of the IB HL Biology syllabus is the Genetics. IBO recommends to spend 17 hours on this topic.
This topic has 4 sub-chapters: "Defense against infectious disease", "Muscles and movement", "The kidney" and "Reproduction". Each are separated with numerical values in order of mentioned.
These are all HL syllabus statements, it is recommended to bring a Casio Graphical Calculator instead of Texas.
This topic has 4 sub-chapters: "Defense against infectious disease", "Muscles and movement", "The kidney" and "Reproduction". Each are separated with numerical values in order of mentioned.
These are all HL syllabus statements, it is recommended to bring a Casio Graphical Calculator instead of Texas.
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