Topic 9.3: Reproduction in angiospermophytes

9.3.1 Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a dicotyledonous animal-pollinated flower

9.3.2 Distinguish between pollination, fertilization and seed dispersal

9.3.3 Draw and label a diagram showing the external and internal structure of a named dicotyledonous seed

9.3.4 Explain the conditions needed for the germination of a typical seed

9.3.5 Outline the metabolic processes during germination of a starchy seed

9.3.6 Explain how flowering is controlled in long-day and short-day plants, including the role of phytochrome

Topic 9.2: Transport in angiospermophytes

9.2.1 Outline how the root systems provides a large surface area for mineral ion and water uptake by means of branching and root hairs

9.2.2 List ways in which mineral ions in the soil move to the roots

9.2.3 Explain the process of mineral ion absorption from the soil into roots by active transport

9.2.4 State that terrestrial plants support themselves by means of thickened cellulose, cell turgor and lignified xylem

9.2.5 Define transpiration

9.2.6 Explain how water is carried by the transpiration stream, including the structure of xylem vessels, transpiration pull, cohesion, adhesion and evaporation

9.2.7 State that guard cells can regulate transpiration by opening and closing stomata

9.2.8 State that the plant hormone abscisic acid causes the closing of stomata

9.2.9 Explain how abiotic factors light, temperature, wind and humidity affect the rate of transpiration in a typical terrestrial plant

9.2.10 Outline four adaptations of xerophytes that help to reduce transpiration

9.2.11 Outline the role of phloem in active translocation of sugars (sucrose) and amino acids from source (photosynthetic tissue and storage organs) to sink (fruits, seeds and roots)

Topic 9.1: Plant structure and growth

9.1.1 Draw and label plan diagrams to show the distribution of tissues in the stem and leaf of a dicotyledonous plant

9.1.2 Outline three differences between the structures of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants 

9.1.3 Explain the relationship between the distribution of tissues in the leaf and the functions of these tissues

9.1.4 Identify modifications of roots, stems and leaves for different functions: bulbs, stem tubers, storage roots and tendrils

9.1.5 State that dicotyledonous plants have apical and lateral meristerms 

9.1.6 Compare growth due to apical and lateral meristerms in dicotyledonous plants

9.1.7 Explain the role of auxin in phototropism as an example of the control of plant growth

Topic 9: Plant science

Topic 9 of the IB HL Biology syllabus is the Plant science. IBO recommends to spend 11 hours on this topic.

This topic has 3 sub-chapters: "Plant structure and growth", "Transport in angiospermophytes" and "Reproduction in angiospermophytes". Each are separated with numerical values in order of mentioned.

These are all HL syllabus statements, it is recommended to bring a Casio Graphical Calculator instead of Texas.

Topic 5.5: Classification

5.5.1 Outline the binomial system of nomenclature

5.5.2 List seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa - kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species - using an example from two different kingdoms for each level

5.5.3 Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, using simple external recognition features: bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta

5.5.4 Distinguish between the following phyla of animals, using simple external recognition features: porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca and arthropoda

5.5.5 Apply and design a key for a group of up to eight organisms

Topic 5.4: Evolution

5.4.1 Define evolution

5.4.2 Outline the evidence for evolution provided by the fossil record, selective breeding of domesticated animals and homologous structures

5.4.3 State that populations tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support

5.4.4 Explain that the consequence of potential overpopulation of offspring is a struggle for survival

5.4.5 State that the members of a species show variation

5.4.6 Explain how sexual reproduction promotes variation in a species

5.4.7 Explain how natural selection leads to evolution

5.4.8 Explain two examples of evolution in response to environmental changes; one must be antibiotic resistance in bacteria

Topic 5.3: Populations

5.3.1 Outline how population size is affected by natality, immigration, mortality and emigration

5.3.2 Draw and label a graph showing a sigmoid (S-shaped) population growth curve

5.3.3 Explain the reasons for the exponential growth phase, the plateau phase and the transitional phase between these two phases

5.3.4 List three factors that set limits to population increase